Which statement best describes the phraseology for an unplanned IFR missed approach to RWY 28R?

• A. TURN LEFT HEADING 020, CLIMB AND MAINTAIN 3,000
• B. TURN RIGHT HEADING 020, CLIMB AND MAINTAIN 3,000
• C. TURN RIGHT HEADING 340, CLIMB AND MAINTAIN 3,000
• D. TURN LEFT HEADING 340, CLIMB AND MAINTAIN 3,000

Answer: (C)

When an IFR missed approach is necessary on the spur of the moment, the priority is to start climbing and move the airplane onto an outbound path that reliably provides obstacle clearance. The standard way to do this in phraseology is to tell the pilot to turn toward a specific heading and climb to a given altitude, so ATC can quickly determine where you’re headed and guide you from there.

For RWY 28R, the best immediate action is to turn right to a heading of 340 degrees and climb to 3,000 feet. A right-hand turn to 340 degrees places you on an outbound track away from the approach path and toward safer airspace, aligning with the usual missed-approach protection for that runway. The climb to 3,000 feet gives you altitude you can maintain while ATC assigns further instructions.

The other options would involve left turns or a different heading that doesn’t provide the appropriate outbound track or obstacle clearance right at the start of the missed approach.